SIKHISM
There are 20 million Sikhs in the world, most of whom live in the Punjab province of India. The last census recorded 336,000 Sikhs in the UK. Sikhism was founded in the 16th century in the Punjab district of what is now India and Pakistan. It was founded by Guru Nanak and is based on his teachings, and those of the 9 Sikh gurus who followed him.
Concept of Sikhism
Sikhism stresses the importance of doing good actions rather than carrying out rituals, and Sikhs believe that the way to lead a good life is to:
Keep God in heart and mind at all times
Live honestly and work hard
Treat everyone equally
Be generous to the less fortunate
Serve others
Sikh Worship, Scripture And Prayer
The Sikh place of worship is called a Gurdwara. The Sikh scripture is the Guru Granth Sahib, a book that Sikhs consider a living Guru. Sikhs can pray at any time (within the time periods set) and in private or public. There are set prayers that a Sikh should recite in the morning, evening and before going to sleep. The full list of Holy days can be found here
Sikhism and Diet
Sikhs who have taken Amrit (baptised) are vegetarians. They will exclude from their diet: eggs, fish and any ingredients with animal derivatives or cooked in animal fat. Dairy produce is acceptable providing it is free from animal fat e.g cheese made from non animal rennet. Non vegetarian Sikhs will only eat meat that has been slaughtered according to their own rites (Ohatka) and not halal or kosher rites.
Religious Symbols
Initiated Sikhs, also known as Khalsa, at all times wear on their person five religious symbols that are articles of faith. They are known as the 5 K's because their names start with the letter K. These are:
Un-cut hair, (Kesh), a gift from God representing spirituality
A wooden comb (Kengha), symbolising cleanliness
A steel bracelets (Kara) represents self restraint and link to God
A short sword (Kirpaan) an emblem of courage and commitment to truth and justice
A type of underwear (Kachhehra) represents purity of moral character
Sikhs have high standards of personal hygiene. Sikhs will wash their face and hands before eating.
The religious significance of the headdress (a male turban or a female scarf) should be respected, because it is covering for one of the 5 K's (Kesh) and is also a symbol of Sikh’s honour.